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Comparison of different measurement methods


Release time:

2022-08-16

measurement methods. Generally speaking, there are direct comparison method, alternative comparison method, differential measurement method, compliance measurement method, compensation measurement method and zero value measurement method. What are the differences between these methods?

What is the difference between direct comparison measurement and alternative measurement in 1. measurement methods?
The measurement method that directly compares the measured quantity with the same quantity whose value is known is called direct comparison measurement. This measurement method is widely used in engineering tests, such as measuring weights on equal arm balances. This method has two characteristics, one is that it must be the same amount to compare; the other is to use comparative measuring instruments. With this method, many of the error components cancel each other out by increasing or decreasing in the same direction as the standard, resulting in a smaller measurement uncertainty.
A measurement method that substitutes the same amount of selected and known value for the measured value, so that the same effect is obtained on the indicating device to determine the measured value is called the alternative measurement method. For example, the Bolt method is commonly used in mass measurement. The measured object is placed on the weighing pan of the balance to balance it, then the measured object is removed and the balance is balanced instead of the weight. Then the mass of the added weight is the mass of the measured object. The advantage of this method is that it can eliminate the measurement uncertainty component caused by the unequal arm of the balance.

What is the difference between differential measurement and coincidence measurement in 2. measurement methods?
A measurement method that compares the measured value with a known quantity of the same kind that is only slightly different from it, and determines the measured value by measuring the difference between the two values is called differential measurement. For example, the diameter of the piston or the aperture of the ring gauge is measured on the comparator with a gauge block, and the difference between the indications on the comparator is the "difference between the two magnitudes". Since the two compared quantities are compared under the same conditions, the error components caused by the respective influencing quantities can automatically be partially canceled or substantially completely canceled. The source of measurement uncertainty of the differential measurement method has two main components: one is the uncertainty component introduced by the error of the measurement standard, and the other is the uncertainty component introduced by the comparator.
A measurement method that measures the small difference between the measured value and the same known value used as a comparison standard by observing the coincidence of certain marks or signals is called the coincidence measurement method. For example, the use of vernier calipers to measure the size of parts is the use of this measurement method, so that the cursor on the line with the main ruler on the line, to determine the size of the parts.

What is the difference between the compensation measurement method and the zero value measurement method in the 3. measurement method?
The measurement process is arranged in such a way that a positive error is included in one measurement and a negative error is included in another measurement, so that most of the errors in the obtained value can be compensated for each other and eliminated, and this measurement method is called "compensation measurement method". For example, in electrical measurement, in order to eliminate the systematic error caused by thermoelectric potential, the current direction of the measuring instrument is often changed, and the 1/2 of the sum of the two readings is taken as the obtained value.
Adjust one or more quantities whose values are known to have a known balance relationship with the measured value, and determine the measured value by the balance principle. A measurement method is called zero-value measurement, also known as balance measurement. For example, this method is used to measure resistance with a bridge.