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Structure and Performance of DC Motor Test Bench
Release time:
2022-07-24
DC motor test bench
magnet fixed coil rotating brush
through the permanent magnet magnetic flux and armature current between the electromagnetic force, can achieve the output torque of the DC motor. There is a magnet on the stator and a coil (armature) on the rotor. The brush can pass the current through the coil, and the commutator can ensure the continuous output of torque.
EV permanent magnet DC motors use magnets to generate magnetic fields, which are usually used in small equipment. This motor can not adjust the magnetic flux, but can be adjusted by the current of the coil, so as to achieve the output of torque.
12-slot 8-pole motor, its structure is composed of thin silicon steel plate stacked armature and armature coil. The inclined groove structure is used to reduce the cogging moment caused by the difference in the magnetic resistance of the cogging segment. The armature coil is connected to a rectifier, and DC current is supplied by the brushes. In addition, a permanent magnet is arranged and fixed inside the yoke. DC Motor Type A DC motor is driven by DC, which is produced by a field coil (DC) instead of a permanent magnet. This type of motor can be broadly divided into three categories:
a separately excited motor: The armature and field coil are independent.
B shunt motor: The armature coil is connected in parallel with the excitation coil and is powered by the same power source.
c series motor: armature and excitation coil are connected in series, and the current is the same "f" is an excitation coil. basic calculation method for performance of
DC motor test bench
motor terminal voltage v:
where e is reverse electromotive force and Ia is armature current; Ra is the sum of reactance of armature coil and contact resistance of brush. Further, the back EME and the torque τ are calculated by the following equations.
K1, K2 are proportional constants, n is the rotation speed; Φ is the magnetic flux (Wb) of each electrode. The rotation speed n can be obtained from the formula:
The mechanical properties of the motor
In the formula, the angular velocity ω = 2πn (rad/s).
The basic performance of a separately excited DC motor
The relationship between torque and speed
It includes a permanent magnet separately excited DC motor, the longitudinal axis is the motor torque, the transverse axis is the speed, and the control armature current is unchanged. The basic speed mentioned here refers to the speed at which the speed increases, the voltage is constant, and the power is high under the rated torque. Before the basic speed is reached, a high torque can be obtained. In addition, when the speed of the motor is higher than the base speed, the torque will also be reduced.
The effect of torque on the base speed
When the speed is higher than the base speed, the voltage at the terminal will be greatly reduced, and then, under a weak magnetic field, the rotation speed will increase. Permanent magnet motor is not easy to produce a weak magnetic field, only a constant torque drive. In the equation, when the magnetic flux is constant, the proportional relationship between the torque and the armature current is the same. By controlling the armature current, the torque can be controlled. The flux is reduced by half and the torque is reduced by half. It can be seen from the formula 4 that when the terminal voltage and the armature current are constant, the power of the motor remains unchanged when the rotation speed becomes 2 times. The basic performance of
shunt DC motor
is the same as the separately excited motor
shunt motor and the separately excited motor are basically the same. In the design of the control loop, attention should be paid to prevent interference between the excitation and armature coils. The basic performance of
series DC motor
armature current = winding
series motor excitation coil and armature coil current is the same, so it can not be like other excitation and parallel excitation motor, separate control coil current. relationship between the rotational speed and torque of the series motor. As mentioned earlier, series motors can only control one voltage, at different voltages.
series DC motor is an ideal choice for electric locomotives
A. Its characteristic is that it can get a lot of torque during the starting process. For example, EF65 (MT 52,425 kW × 6=2550 kW) or EF66 (MT 56,650 kW × 6=3900 kW). In addition, it can be seen that the speed will increase sharply when the torque drops, and care must be taken not to run under no load. When there is no load, the field current (= armature current) decreases and the denominator Φ in the equation tends to near zero, from which it can be seen that the rotational speed will increase substantially. Special attention should be paid to the single test of series motor or the suspension test of electric vehicles. Otherwise, it will cause the loosening of the armature coil, commutator and other components, which will have a significant impact on the motor.
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